b'4.3. Digital Single Market (DSM) The Digital Single Marketplace, or DSM,a package of regulations which aimed to was announced by the EU Commission on 6standardize VAT across the digital May 2015. It consists of 16 specific initiativesmarketplace.21In May 2018, as part of the which collectively constitute the threeDSM, the EU passed a single set of EU rules pillarsof the DSM. For the record, Pillaron data protection and privacy.22One aims to improve access to the digital market, Pillar Two aims to improve the digitalIn October 2016, the EU established a environment, while Pillar Three aims to boostcode of conductwith harsh limitations on the digital economy.18 harmful content.Under the new Code of Conduct, nearly 72% of conduct deemed Since the UK voted to leave the EU inby the EU as hate speech was removed.232016, the EU has federalised the onlineChancellor Merkel has passed an even more market significantly. On 23 March 2017, EUstringent law regarding online hate speech. ministers signed a declaration to supportTech companies can be fined up to 60 financially the next generation of computingmillion if they refuse to remove hate speech and data infrastructures.19On 15 Junein a timely manner.24 The DSM could thus 2017, the Commission abolished mobilepotentially infringe upon the speech rights of roaming charges across EU countries.20On 5British citizens.December 2017, the Council accepted 191'